Individual users often use Microsoft Excel for data cleaning and mapping, leading to inconsistent data formats. This can result in errors due to different systems and processes. Microsoft Excel is not ideal for process control and can lead to siloed expertise. BI tools like Power BI are used for visualization and analytics but are weak for the heavy lifting of data and correlation. ETL is recommended for heavy lifting on data and data consolidation, but challenges include losing control of the process and reliance on IT resources.